Effect of biologically synthesized nanoparticles with plant products and chemotherapeutics against biofilm of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida tropicalis
Karthick Raja Namasivayam Selvaraj, Elamathi Krishnamoorthi and Brijesh Kumar Singh
Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Microorganisms in natural environment often live in highly organized communities and even have the ability to participate in a rudimentary form of communication. These communities are called biofilms. Biofilms are specific and organized communities of cells under control of signaling molecules rather than random accumulation of cells resulting from cell division. Biofilm formation is recognized as the leading culprit in many life threatening infections in patients who are treated using medical devices. Most known pathogenic organisms have thew potential of using biofilm.
In the present study , the effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles together with plant products and commercially available drugs were evaluated against biofilm inhibition and its biochemical composition of clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis and Staphylococcus aureus . Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Lactobacillus acidophilus 01 strain and tested with aqueous extracts of Aloe vera , ginger ( Zingiberofficinale ), garlic ( Allium sativum ), tulsi ( Ocimumtenuiflorum ), oils such as coconut oil and antifungal drugs fluconazole and itraconazole for C. tropicalis , and antibacterial antibiotics such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol for S. aureus. The nanoparticles were synthesized by dried biomass washing of Lactobacillus acidophilus 01 strain adopting standard conditions and the synthesized purified particles were characterized by UV - vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV - vis spectroscopy revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles by yielding the typical sil ver plasmon absorption maxima at 430 nm and SEM micrograph demonstrated uniform spherical particles with the size range of 45 – 60 nm. The energy dispersive X - ray spectroscopy (EDX) of the nanoparticles confirmed the presence of elemental silver signal as a strong peak. Synthesized silver nanoparticles, together with plant products and commercially available drugs, showed a maximum inhibitory effect against both the tested clinical isolates. In the case of C. tropicalis , themaximum inhibition was observed for silver nanoparticles with itraconazole, fluconazole and garlic, followed by silver nanoparticles with itraconazole, and garlic. Total carbohydrates and total proteins of the biofilm matrix were highly reduced in the respective treatments. In S. aureus ,sil ver nanoparticles with tetracycline, chloramphenicol and garlic recorded the maximum inhibition, followed by silver nanoparticles with chloramphenicol, and garlic. Distinct reduction in total carbohydrates and proteins of the biofilm matrix was also record ed in the respective treatments.
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