Handling Molecular Pathways in Systems Biology from the Wolfram Demonstrations Project by Luca Zammataro

"" " " In some cases, interaction of nanoscale objects with proteins leads to hazardous consequences, such as abnormal conformational changes leading to exposure of cryptic peptide epitopes or the appearance of abnormal functions caused by structural modifications. In addition, the high local protein concentration resulting from protein adsorption on NPs may provoke avidity effects arising from close spatial repetition of the same protein. Finally, the interaction of NPs with proteins is known to induce cooperative effects, such as promotion or inhibition of protein fibrillation or self-assembling of NPs on macromolecules serving as a template. " "

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn300415x?ref=tw