Recent use of fluorescent labels in nanotechnology drug delivery, medical, biochemical and biological science:

http://www.lumiprobe.com/citations

Nooney, R.; O’Connell, C.; Roy, S.; Boland, K.; Keegan, G.; Kelleher, S.; Daniels, S.; McDonagh, C. Synthesis and characterisation of far-red fluorescent cyanine dye doped silica nanoparticles using a modified microemulsion method for application in bioassays. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, in press. doi:  10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.117

Li, H.; Yang, Z.-Y.; Liu, C.; Zeng, Y.-P.; Hao, Y.-H. Gu, Y.; Wang, W.-D.; Li, R. PEGylated ceria nanoparticles used for radioprotection on Human liver cells under γ-ray irradiation , 2015, in press. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.010
 
 Ma, Y.; Fuchs, A.; Boase, N.R.B.; Rolfe, B.E.; Coombes, A.G.A.; Thurecht, K.J. The in vivo fate of nanoparticles and nanoparticle-loaded microcapsules after oral administration in mice: evaluation of their potential for colon-specific delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2015, 94, 393–403. doi:   10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.014


Noriega, R.; Finley, D.T.; Haberstroh, J.; Geissler, P.L.; Francis, M.B.; Ginsberg, N.S. Manipulating Excited-State Dynamics of Individual Light-Harvesting Chromophores through Restricted Motions in a Hydrated Nanoscale Protein Cavity. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2015, 119(23), 6963–6973. doi: 

10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03784 


 Shi, Y.; van der Meel, R.; Theek, B.; Oude Blenke, E.; Pieters, E.H.E.; Fens, M.H.A.M.; Ehling, J.; Schiffelers, R.M.; Storm, G.; van Nostrum, C.F.; Lammers, T.; Hennink, W.E. Complete Regression of Xenograft Tumors upon Targeted Delivery of Paclitaxel via Π–Π Stacking Stabilized Polymeric Micelles. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(4), 3740–3752. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00929

Duong, H.T.T.; Dong, Z.; Su, L; Boyer, C.; George, J.; Davis, T.P.; Wang, J. The Use of Nanoparticles to Deliver Nitric Oxide to Hepatic Stellate Cells for Treating Liver Fibrosis and Portal Hypertension. Small, 2015, 11(19), 2291–2304. doi:  10.1002/smll.201402870 


 Wen, A.M.; Infusino, M.; De Luca, A.; Kernan, D.L.; Czapar, A.E.; Strangi, G.; Steinmetz, N.F. Interface of Physics and Biology: Engineering Virus-Based Nanoparticles for Biophotonics. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2015, 26(1), 51–62. doi:     10.1021/bc500524f

Nooney, R.I.; White, A.; O’Mahony, C.; O’Connell, C.; Kelleher, S.M.; Daniels, S.; McDonagh, C. Investigating the colloidal stability of fluorescent silica nanoparticles under isotonic conditions for biomedical applications. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2015, 456, 50–58. doi:   10.1016/j.jcis.2015.05.051


Lumiprobe citation list
- research publications citing use of fluorescent reagents, sortable by date or cited product.
- cyanine NHS esters, amines, azides, alkynes, hydrazides, maleimides, carboxylic acids

Lumiprobe catalog 


Other citations:
http://www.lumiprobe.com/citations

Protocols
http://www.lumiprobe.com/protocols

Lumiprobe sponsors nanpaprika.eu
For 5% discount when you order use code:   nanopap

Lumiprobe offers fluorescent labels dyes, click chemistry reagents

Recent use of fluorescent labels in nanotechnology drug delivery, medical, biochemical and biological science:

Li, L.; Sun, W.; Zhong, J.; Yang, Qi.; Zhu, X.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang Z.; Huang, Y. Multistage Nanovehicle Delivery System Based on Stepwise Size Reduction and Charge Reversal for Programmed Nuclear Targeting of Systemically Administered Anticancer Drugs. Advanced Functional Materials, 2015. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201501248

Wilks, M.Q.; Normandin, M.D.; Yuan, H.; Cho, H.; Guo, Y.; Herisson, F.; Ayata, C.; Wooten, D.W.; El Fakhri, G.; Josephson, L. Imaging PEG-Like Nanoprobes in Tumor, Transient Ischemia, and Inflammatory Disease Models. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2015, in press. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00213

Abolmaali, S.; Tamaddon, A.; Kamali-Sarvestani, E.; Ashraf, M.; Dinarvand, R. Stealth Nanogels of Histinylated Poly Ethyleneimine for Sustained Delivery of Methotrexate in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model. Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, in press. doi: 10.1007/s11095-015-1708-0

Zhang, J.; Wang, G.; Mao, D.; Han, A.; Xiao, N.; Qi, X.; Ding, D.; Kong, D. Targeted In Vivo Imaging of Mouse Hindlimb Ischemia Using Fluorescent Gelatin Nanoparticles. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015, 2015, Article ID 704817

Unciti-Broceta, J.D.; Cano-Cortés, V.; Altea-Manzano, P.; Pernagallo, S.; Díaz-Mochón, J.J.; Sánchez-Martín, R.M. Number of Nanoparticles per Cell through a Spectrophotometric Method – A key parameter to Assess Nanoparticle-based Cellular Assays. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 10091. doi: 10.1038/srep10091

Choi, E.B.; Choi, J.; Bae, S.R.; Kim, H.-O.; Jang, E.; Kang, B.; Kim, M.-H.; Kim, B.; Suh, J.-S.; Lee, K. et al. Colourimetric redox-polyaniline nanoindicator for in situ vesicular trafficking of intracellular transport. Nano Research, 2015, 8(4), 1169–1179. doi: 10.1007/s12274-014-0597-6

Hsueh, P.-Y.; Edman, M.C.; Sun, G.; Shi, P.; Xu, S.; Lin, Y.-a.; Cui, H.; Hamm-Alvarez, S.F.; MacKay, J.A. Tear-mediated delivery of nanoparticles through transcytosis of the lacrimal gland. Journal of Controlled Release, 2015, 208, 2–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.017

Hou, Z.; Lin, J.; Li, Y.; Guo, F.; Yu, F.; Wu, H.; Fan, Z.; Zhi, L.; Luo, F. Validation of a dual role of methotrexate-based chitosan nanoparticles in vivo. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(52), 41393–41400. doi: 10.1039/c5ra03705K

Kim, M.-G.; Park, J.Y.; Miao, W.; Lee, J.; Oh, Y.-K. Polyaptamer DNA nanothread-anchored, reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for targeted delivery. Biomaterials, 2015, 48, 129–136. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.009

Nakamura, T.; Sugihara, F.; Matsushita, H.; Yoshioka, Y.; Mizukami, S.; Kikuchi, K. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for ¹⁹F magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, and drug delivery. Chemical Science, 2015, 6, 1986–1990. doi: 10.1039/c4sc03549f

Other citations:
http://www.lumiprobe.com/citations

Protocols
http://www.lumiprobe.com/protocols

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For 5% discount when you order use code:   nanopap

Lumiprobe catalog

There are two varieties of cyanine dyes: non-sulfonated cyanines, and sulfonated cyanines. For many applications they are interchangeable, because their spectral properties are nearly identical. Both sulfonated and non-sulfonated dyes can be used for the labeling of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. The difference between the dyes is their solubility: sulfo- dyes are water-soluble, and they do not use of organic co-solvent for the labeling in aqueous environment. They are less prone to aggregation in water. There are cases when one of the type of cyanines is desired.

Available non-sulfonated dyes incude Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, and Cy7.5.
Cy stands for 'cyanine', and first digit is number of carbon atoms between indolenine groups. Cy2 which is oxazole derivative rather than indolenin, is an exception from this rule. Suffix .5 is added for benzo-fused cyanines. Variation of the structures allows to change fluorescence properties of the molecules, and to cover most important part ot visible and NIR spectrum with several fluorophores.

Most derivatives of non-sulfonated cyanines (except for hydrochlorides of hydrazides and amines) have low aqueous solubility. When these molecules are used for biomolecule labeling, use of organic co-solvent (5-20% of DMF or DMSO) is necessary for efficient reaction. Cyanine dye should be dissolved in organic solvent first, and added to a solution of biomolecule (protein, peptide, amino-labeled DNA) in appropriate aqueous buffer. When conjugation takes place efficiently, the dye reacts before it precipitates.

Fluorescent properties of non-sulfonated cyanines have little dependence on solvent and surrounding. Absorbance and fluorescence spectra of non-sulfonated cyanine dyes are plotted below.

Lumiprobe Citations using Lumiprobe's sulfo - cyanine dyes for nanotechnology

a few examples of

Sulfo-Cyanine3 NHS ester

1. Glembockyte, V.; Lincoln, R.; Cosa, G. Cy3 Photoprotection Mediated by Ni²⁺ for Extended Single-Molecule Imaging: Old Tricks for New Techniques. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(3), 1116–1122. doi: 10.1021/ja509923e
2. Graen, T.M.D.; Hoefling, M.; Grubmüller, H. AMBER-DYES: Characterization of Charge Fluctuations and Force Field Parameterization of Fluorescent Dyes for Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 2014, 10(12), 5505-5512. doi: 10.1021/ct500869p
3. Wang, W.; Ji, X.; Na, H.B.; Safi, M.; Smith, A.; Palui, G.; Perez, J.M.; Mattoussi, H. Design of a Multi-Dopamine-Modified Polymer Ligand Optimally Suited for Interfacing Magnetic Nanoparticles with Biological Systems. Langmuir, 2014, 30(21), 6197-6208. doi: 10.1021/la500974r
4. Aldeek, F.; Muhammed, M.A.H.; Palui, G.; Zhan, N.; Mattoussi, H. Growth of Highly Fluorescent Polyethylene Glycol- and Zwitterion-Functionalized Gold Nanoclusters. ACS Nano, 2013, 7(3), 2509-2521. doi: 10.1021/nn305856t
5. Zhan, N.; Palui, G.; Safi, M.; Ji, X.; Mattoussi, H. Multidentate Zwitterionic Ligands Provide Compact and Highly Biocompatible Quantum Dots. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135(37), 13786-13795. doi: 10.1021/ja405010v

Lumiprobe has developed a better process for making sulfo-dyes, and thus offers you much LOWER PRICING on WATER SOLUBLE sulfonated derivatives of cyanines. It includes various derivatives such as NHS esters, maleimides, azides, alkynes, amines, and carboxylic acids. The water-soluble dyes are excellent choice for protein labeling applications, for hydrophilic nanoparticles, and when it is necessary to carry out labeling in aqueous phase avoiding aggregation, and non-specific hydrophobic interactions.

Each reagent page is a resource with information, pricing, availability, absorption and emission spectra, MSDS, and general properties. Lumiprobe's website offer's instantly downloadable Certificate of Analysis (CoA) detailing meticulous quality control, real NMR, UV and mass spectra, and HPLC chromatograms.

• Sulfo-Cyanine3 NHS ester
• Sulfo-Cyanine5 NHS ester
• Sulfo-Cyanine7 NHS ester
• Sulfo-Cyanine3 azide
• Sulfo-Cyanine5 azide
• Sulfo-Cyanine7 azide
• Sulfo-Cyanine3 carboxylic acid
• Sulfo-Cyanine5 carboxylic acid
• Sulfo-Cyanine7 carboxylic acid
• Sulfo-Cyanine3 maleimide
• Sulfo-Cyanine5 maleimide
• Sulfo-Cyanine5 alkyne
• Sulfo-Cyanine7 amine

Reagents can often be customized for your needs 

Visit Lumiprobe.com ! 

The Lumiprobe citations page offers citations sorted by date or reagent - visit and get ideas!

Summary of what reagent binds to

Click Chemistry:  protocol for the labeling and modification of biomolecules

Click Chemistry is a reaction between azide and alkyne yielding covalent product - 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole. This process is also known as CuAAC - Cu catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition.

Click Chemistry is based on copper catalysis. The catalyst is often introduced as Cu-TBTA complex.

Among the vast variety of organic reactions, Click Chemistry has been selected as a conjugation chemistry reaction because of several advantages.

• It is very selective. Click Chemistry reaction takes place only between azide and alkyne components. It is does not interfere with most any other organic groups present in DNA and proteins being labeled, such as amino and carboxy groups.

• There are no azides and alkynes in native biomolecules. These groups should be specially introduced into DNA and proteins. Alkyne-containing DNA can be prepared with alkyne phosphoramidite during standard oligo synthesis. Proteins labeled with azide and alkyne can be made using azide activated ester and alkyne activated ester.

• Click Chemistry takes place in water. Aqueous DMSO, DMF, acetonitrile, alcohols, or pure water and buffers can be used for the reaction. The reaction is biocompatible and can take place in living cells.

• Reaction is quick and quantitative. Click Chemistry is a tool that allows preparation of nanomols of conjugates in diluted solutions.

• The reaction is pH-insensitive. Unlike reaction of NHS esters with amines, and some other conjugation chemistries, there is no need to control pH in reaction mixture. There is no need to add any special buffer, acid or base - Click Chemistry works well in pH interval of 4-11.

• Protocol is simple! For example see our recommended DNA labeling protocol.

Click Chemistry thus became a tool for universal modification of DNA, proteins, conjugate preparation, and fluorescent labeling. Here are just a few examples.

• Fluorescent labeled oligonucleotides & dual-labeled probes for realtime PCR. We provide

alkyne phosphoramidites for easy synthesis of alkyne modified oligos, and fluorescent dye azides.

• Fluorescent & biotinylated DNA. Use alkynyl triphosphates for the incorporation of alkyne in DNA by PCR, termination, or nick translation. You can thereafter label DNA with any dye or biotin in your lab, without need in specific labeled triphosphates!

 • Fluorescent peptides, proteins, and antibodies. We provide alkyne and azide activated ester for the modification of proteins and peptides with either azide or alkyne. You can use alkyne- or azido-modified proteins for the preparation of conjugates with DNA, reporter groups and solid surfaces.

• Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates. We provide azide activated ester for the labeling of peptides, and alkyne amidites for the synthesis of alkyno oligos.

• Biomolecules immobilized on nearly any solid phase. We would be glad to consult you on the modification of solid surfaces, provide you with custom solid phases, and guide you to success!

• Click Chemistry auxiliary reagents & catalysts are available in our catalogue.

• ... and nearly any other conjugates you can imagine can be done by Click Chemistry... Contact us to find how Click Chemistry can help you!

Some recent reviews on DNA modification with Click Chemistry:

A.V. Ustinov, I.A. Stepanova, V.V. Dubnyakova, T.S. Zatsepin, E.V. Nozhevnikova, V.A. Korshun. Modification of nucleic acids using [3+2]-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes. Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem., 36 (4), 401.445 (2010). http://www.springerlink.com/content/a623254qwg95107p/fulltext.pdf

A.H. El-Sagheer, T. Brown. Click chemistry with DNA. Chem. Soc. Rev., 39 (4), 1388.1405 (2010).

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2010/CS/b901971p#!divAbstract

F. Amblard, J.H. Cho, R.F. Schinazi. Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in nucleoside, nucleotide, and oligonucleotide chemistry. Chem. Rev., 109 (9), 4207.4220 (2009).

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr9001462

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Lumiprobe New Year's greeting!

Thank you for integrating Lumiprobe fluorescent probes into your work in 2014!
Restock your lab or begin a new project -

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Lumiprobe.com offers over 80 reagents useful for Nanotechnology:

What reagents bind to:

Dye NHS esters - amine-reactive cyanine activated esters for the labeling of proteins, peptides, and other molecules

Sulfo NHS esters - water soluble sulfo-Cyanine3 SE activated ester for amino-biomolecule labeling.

Azides - fluorescent biomolecule labeling through Click Chemistry

Alkynes - alkyne dye,  Useful for both copper-catalyzed, and copper-free Click Chemistry.

Maleimides - bright and photostable thiol-reactive dye for protein labeling

Amines - fluorophores with free amino group (amino-dye). It can be conjugated with NHS esters, alkynes, carboxy groups (after activation), and epoxides.

Hydrazides - dyes with a reactivity for carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones) activated by acid.  It can be used for the labeling of glycoproteins (i.e. antibodies) after periodate oxidation of sugar moieties.

Manufacturing Oligonucleotide Therapeutics!

peptide, oligonucleotide, amine, alkyne binding

In 2014, whether researching, creating, or manufacturing new drugs and treatment, Lumiprobe reagents were giving results in drug development research. Click chemistry was used with peptide-based nanoparticles in vivo, comparing the advantages between linear and cyclic peptides for intracellular delivery, process improvements for the economic  production,  peptide characterization , detecting and controlling oligonucleotide impurities, and exploring the development of peptides for diagnostic applications.  Novel oligonucleotide and peptide therapies were also enhanced when Lumiprobe's reagents were included.

If you need something not found in Lumiprobe's catalog - ask!

Lumiprobe offers to help with your research, and create a custom probe for you at no extra charge! Reagents can often be customized for your needs at price schedule similar to Lumiprobe's other reagents. Ask Lumiprobe's tech support - you'll receive attention to your research, and ideas on what or how to do the click chemistry reaction. Lumiprobe's website offers instantly downloadable Certificate of Analysis (CoA) detailing meticulous quality control, real NMR, UV and mass spectra, and HPLC chromatograms.

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LUMIPROBE NEWSLETTER
BODIPY analogs - Fluorescent probes!
BDP FL azide * BDP FL NHS ester * BDP FL maliemide

BDP FL Maleimide - http://www.lumiprobe.com/p/bodipy-fl-maleimide BDP FL - borondipyrromethene dye is an excellent dye for fluorescein (FAM) channel. Thiol reactive BDP FL maleimide is a reactive dye for protein labeling, which has identical structure with BODIPY ®   FL maleimide. BDP FL is a borondipyrromethene dye which has absorption and fluorescence spectra similar to fluorescein (FAM). However, this dye exhibits very high photostability. It is non-charged, and has low molecular weight. Its brightness is similar to fluorescein, R110 and xanthene dye derivatives like Alexa Fluor® 488. This fluorophore is ideal for fluorescent microscopy and many other applications. The fluorophore can substitute fluorescein for almost any application, and it is compatible with any FAM-capable fluorescent instrumentation.

BDP FL azide http://www.lumiprobe.com/p/bodipy-fl-azide BDP FL azide is an analog of BODIPY ® FL azide, a Click-chemistry capable bright and photostable dye for FAM channel. This green-emitting fluorophore is compatible with all types of fluorescence measuring instruments for FAM (fluorescein) and dyes like Alexa® Fluor 488. The fluorophore is a representative of borondipyrromethene class of fluorescent dyes, which possess high quantum yields in aqueous environments, and high stability towards photobleaching. BDP FL NHS ester http://www.lumiprobe.com/p/bodipy-fl-nhs-ester BDP FL NHS ester is an advanced dye for 488 nm channel, a replacement for fluorescein, a molecule identical to BODIPY FL ® NHS ester. An amino-reactive dye for the labeling of proteins and peptides. While the absorbance and emission spectra of this molecule stay within FAM excitation and emission channels, this dye provides much better photostability, and outstanding brightness. The fluorescence spectrum of BODIPY-FL is narrower than that of FAM. This provides a better brightness for monochromator based instruments, when emission wavelength can be tuned to dye maximum. The dye is neutral, possesses low molecular weight, and retain high quantum yield in conjugates. The dye is a good replacement for fluorescein (FAM), BODIPY-FL, Alexa Fluor 488, DyLight 488, Cy2, and other 488 nm dyes. Citations of interest - Take a look! Would you like your paper featured on Lumiprobe citation page? Email: order@lumiprobe.com Ultrasensitive fluorescence-based methods for nucleic acid detection: towards amplification-free genetic analysis Ranasinghe, T.; Brown, T. Chem. Commun., 2011,47, 3717-3735 DOI: 10.1039/C0CC04215C Real time PCR is the mainstay of current nucleic acid assays, underpinning applications in forensic science, point-of-care diagnostics and detection of bioterrorism agents. Despite its broad utility, the search for new tests continues, inspired by second and third generation DNA sequencing technologies and fuelled by progress in single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, nanotechnology and microfabrication. These new methods promise the direct detection of nucleic acids without the need for enzymatic amplification. In this feature article, we provide a chemist's perspective on this multidisciplinary area, introducing the concepts of single molecule detection then focussing on the selection of labels and probe chemistry suitable for generating a signal detectable by ultrasensitive fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally, we discuss the further developments that are required to incorporate these detection platforms into integrated ‘sample-in-answer-out’ instruments, capable of detecting many target sequences in a matter of minutes.

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Lumiprobe offers fluorescent labels dyes, click chemistry reagents

Perhaps you would like to read of the recent use in nanotechnology

Lu, H.D.; Soranno, D.E.; Rodell, C.B.; Kim, I.L.; Burdick, J.A. Secondary Photocrosslinking of Injectable Shear-Thinning Dock-and-Lock Hydrogels. Adv. Healthcare Materials, in press.doi: 10.1002/adhm.201200343

Bruckman, M.A.; Randolph, L.N.; VanMeter, A.; Hern, S.; Shoffstall, A.J; Taurog, R.E.; Steinmetz, N.F. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and blood compatibility of native and PEGylated tobacco mosaic virus nano-rods and -spheres in mice. Virology, 2014, 449, 163-173. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.035

Lee, B.-S.; Amano, T.; Wang, H.Q.; Pantoja, J.L.; Yoon, C.W.; Hanson, C.J.; Amatya, R.; Yen, A.; Black, K.L. Yu, J.S. Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Nanoprodrug to Treat Intracranial Glioblastoma. ACS Nano, 2013, 7(4), 3061-3077. doi: 10.1021/nn400347j

Xie, M.; Shi, H.; Li, Z.; Shen, H.; Ma, K.; Li, B.; Shen, S.; Jin, Y. A multifunctional mesoporous silica nanocomposite for targeted delivery, controlled release of doxorubicin and bioimaging. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2013, 110, 138-147. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.009

He, H.; Chen, S.; Zhou, J.; Dou, Y.; Song, L.; Che, L.; Zhou, X.; Chen, X.; Jia, Y.; Zhang, J.; Li, S.; Li, X. Cyclodextrin-derived pH-responsive nanoparticles for delivery of paclitaxel. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(21), 5344-5358. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.068

 Saxena, T.; Karumbaiah, L.; Gaupp, E.; Patkar, R.; Patil, K.; Betancur, M.; Stanley, G.B.; Bellamkonda, R.V. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(20), 4703-4713. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.007

Xie, M.; Shi, H.; Ma, K.; Li, B.; Shen, S. Wang, X.; Jin, Y. Hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery and bioimaging: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with carboxyl groups and a near-infrared fluorescent dye. J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 2013, 395, 306-314. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.01.001

Briza, T.; Rimpelova, S.; Kralova, J; Zaruba, K.; Kejik, Z.; Ruml, T.; Martasek, P.; Kral, V. Pentamethinium fluorescent probes: the impact of molecular structure on photophysical properties and subcellular localization. Dyes and Pigments, doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.12.021

Aldeek, F.; Muhammed, H.; Palui, G.; Zhan, N.; Mattoussi, H. Growth of Highly Fluorescent Polyethylene Glycol- and Zwitterion–Functionalized Gold Nanoclusters. ACS Nano, 2013, 7(3), 2509-2521. doi: 10.1021/nn305856t

Xie, M.; Shi, H.; Ma, K.; Shen, H.; Li, B.; Shen, S.; Wang, X.; Jin, Y. Hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery and bioimaging: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with carboxyl groups and a near-infrared fluorescent dye. J. Colloid and Interface Sci., in press. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.01.001

Cheng, M.-C.; Leske, A.; Matsuoka, T.; Kim, B.C.; Lee, J.; Burns, M.A.; Takayama, S.; Biteen, J.S. Super-Resolution Imaging of PDMS Nanochannels by Single-Molecule Micelle-Assisted Blink Microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2013, 117(16), 4406-4411. doi: 10.1021/jp307635v

Other citations
http://www.lumiprobe.com/citations

Cyanine and Sulfo-Cyanine dyes explained:
http://www.lumiprobe.com/tech/cyanine-dyes

Recommended protocols
http://www.lumiprobe.com/protocols

Summary of what each dye does and Alphabetic catalog:
http://www.lumiprobe.com/catalog/alphabetical

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Lumiprobe catalog

Cyanine dyes

by Lumiprobe

http://www.lumiprobe.com/tech/cyanine-dyes

     There are two varieties of cyanine dyes: non-sulfonated cyanines, and sulfonated cyanines. For many applications they are interchangeable, because their spectral properties are nearly identical. Both sulfonated and non-sulfonated dyes can be used for the labeling of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. The difference between the dyes is their solubility: sulfo- dyes are water-soluble, and they do not use of organic co-solvent for the labeling in aqueous environment. They are less prone to aggregation in water. There are cases when one of the type of cyanines is desired (see Sulfonated vs non-sulfonated cyanines section below).

Non-sulfonated cyanines

    Available non-sulfonated dyes incude Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, and Cy7.5. Cy stands for 'cyanine', and first digit is number of carbon atoms between indolenine groups. Cy2 which is oxazole derivative rather than indolenin, is an exception from this rule. Suffix .5 is added for benzo-fused cyanines. Variation of the structures allows to change fluorescence properties of the molecules, and to cover most important part ot visible and NIR spectrum with several fluorophores.

    Fluorescent properties of non-sulfonated cyanines have little dependence on solvent and surrounding. Absorbance and fluorescence spectra of non-sulfonated cyanine dyes are plotted below.

Sulfonated cyanines

    Sulfonated cyanines include additional sulfo-groups which facilitate dissolution of dye molecules in aqueous phase. Charged sulfonate groups decrease aggregation of dye molecules and heavily labeled conjugates. Currently available sulfonated cyanines include sulfo-Cy3, sulfo-Cy5, and sulfo-Cy7.

Sulfonated vs non-sulfonated cyanines

    Sulfonated and non-sulfonated cyanines exhibit very similar fluorescent properties. However, there are a few differences in labeling protocols that should be noticed. Non-sulfonated cyanines must be dissolved in organic co-solvent (DMF or DMSO) prior to use, and added to a solution of target molecule in aqueous buffers. Recommended volume of co-solvent should be 10% for Cy3, Cy5, Cy7, and 15% for .5 counterparts. Sulfo-Cy reagents can be used in purely aqueous conditions. There is also a difference in purification: when dialysis against water or aqueous buffer is used for purification, sulfo-Cy must be used to achieve efficient removal of unreacted dye material. Reactions with both sulfo- and non-sulfo cyanines can be purified by gel filtration, chromatography (HPLC, FPLC, ion exchange), or electrophoresis.

Sulfonated and non-sulfonated cyanines are interchangeable for the labeling of many classes of targets including:

     -   soluble proteins, which are tolerant to addition of organic co-solvent
     -   antibodies (use 5-10% of DMSO/DMF)
     -   DNA and oligonucleotides
     -   peptides
     -   many small molecules

Conjugates produced with similar sulfo- and non-sulfonated reagents (for example, sulfo-Cy5 and Cy5) are very similar in their fluorescent properties, and can be used with various fluorescence instrumentation.

Sulfonated cyanines must be used for:

      -  sensitive proteins which are denatured by DMF or DMSO
      -  protein conjugation when purification is done by dialysis
      -   nanoparticles in aqueous soluitons
      -  insoluble or hydrophobic proteins

Non-sulfonated cyanines must be used for:

       - reactions in organic media (dichloromethane, acetonitrile)

read more at
http://www.lumiprobe.com/tech/cyanine-dyes

Nanotechnology and other Fluorescent citations:
http://www.lumiprobe.com/citations

Protocols

http://www.lumiprobe.com/protocols

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Lumiprobe catalog

Lumiprobe offers fluorescent labels dyes, click chemistry reagents

Perhaps you would like to read of the recent use in nanotechnology:

Cheng, M.-C.; Leske, A.; Matsuoka, T.; Kim, B.C.; Lee, J.; Burns, M.A.; Takayama, S.; Biteen, J.S. Super-Resolution Imaging of PDMS Nanochannels by Single-Molecule Micelle-Assisted Blink Microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B, in press. doi: 10.1021/jp307635v


 Xie, M.; Shi, H.; Ma, K.; Shen, H.; Li, B.; Shen, S.; Wang, X.; Jin, Y. Hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery and bioimaging: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with carboxyl groups and a near-infrared fluorescent dye. J. Colloid and Interface Sci., in press. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.01.001


Aldeek, F.; Muhammed, H.; Palui, G.; Zhan, N.; Mattoussi, H. Growth of Highly Fluorescent Polyethylene Glycol- and Zwitterion–Functionalized Gold Nanoclusters. ACS Nano, in press. doi: 10.1021/nn305856t


Other citations:
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