Title: Nanodiamonds activate blood platelets and induce thromboembolism
Authors: Sharda Kumari, Manoj K Singh, Sunil K Singh, José JA Grácio & Debabrata Dash
Abstract:
Aim: Nanodiamonds (NDs) have been evaluated for a wide range of biomedical applications. Thus, thorough investigation of the biocompatibility of NDs has become a research priority. Platelets are highly sensitive and are one of the most abundant cell types found in blood. They have a central role in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. In this study, we aim to investigate the direct and acute effects of carboxylated NDs on platelet function. Methods: In this study, pro-coagulant parameters such as platelet aggregability, intracellular Ca2+ flux, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), generation of reactive oxygen species, surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, electron microscopy, cell viability assay and in vivo thromboembolism were analyzed in great detail. Results: Carboxylated NDs evoked significant activation of human platelets. When administered intravenously in mice, NDs were found to induce widespread pulmonary thromboembolism, indicating the remarkable thrombogenic potential of this nanomaterial. Conclusion: Our findings raise concerns regarding the putative biomedical applications of NDs pertaining to diagnostics and therapeutics, and their toxicity and prothrombotic properties should be critically evaluated.
Direct link: www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2217/nnm.13.23
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