Nanofluidics on Lab-on-a-Chip devices

One of the key journals in analytical chemistry Analytical Chemistry have featured latest development and future of nanofluidics in lab on a chip device on September 1st, 2009 issue. The article specifically highlights progress in integrated micro- and nanofluidic devices and demonstrates how nanofluidic components may benefit sample
preparation, fluid handling and injection, separation, and detection.

This article focuses on devices containing one or more nanochannels or nanoporess fluidic features with at least one dimension typically e100 nm. We will discuss discrete
features e0.5 μm, as opposed to nanoporous monoliths4 or membranes with
tortuous paths,5 which are reviewed elsewhere.

Nano-channels in fluidic devices have forces and phenomena which are absent or negligible in micro-channels. This brings great promise for new analytical
applications. Generally nano-channels are in the dimensions of
Electrical Double Layer (EDL). Overlap of nano-channels with EDL
results ion permselectivity; localized enhancement of electric fields;
and the increased influence of diffusion, surface-to-volume ratio,
surface charge, and entropy. Through these effects, nanoscale
components can improve routine processing and add new functionality to
microfluidic devices.

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