The nanomaterials (NM) are finding their way into variety of applications such as cosmetics, agriculture, bioremediation, nanomedicine, energy etc. However, little is known about the potential adverse health effects to humans and the environment. There are few toxicological studies that have addressed the effects of NM in different organisms and environments, which raise concerns about the adverse effects on biological systems.The main physical characteristics of NM are their size, which falls in the transitional zone between individual atoms or molecules and the corresponding bulk materials. This can modify the physicochemical properties of the material as well as create opportunity for increased uptake and interaction with the biological tissues. The widespread applications of NM have aroused great concern about their safety. As suggested by researchers the NMs enter in the living system through oral, dermal and inhaltion routes. The size, shape, dimensions surface area, crystallinity, solubility, composition and bio-resistance together determine the toxicity of NM. Currently, few symposium/workshops are being held to discuss toxicological aspects of nanomaterials in India. In south of India, this is the first International workshop to be held in order to arrange a platform to hold discussions and interactions with national/international researchers/experts on safety aspects of nanomaterials and come out with suitable methodologies to assess their toxicity.